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RRMS causes alternating periods of symptoms, known as relapses and symptom-free periods. In most cases, RRMS will eventually become a secondary progressiveMS. Damage to the brain and spine is gradual over time.

Some people have active forms of the school. The disease progresses over time, but they also have periods of low activity and relapses.

Drug-modifying therapies help prevent brain and spine damage by slowing the progression of multiplesclerosis. Most DMTs used to work in people with RRMS. Thanks to the approval of a few new drugs, that has changed.

Several DMTs are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved specifically to treat types of SPMS.

Siponimod (Mayzent)

In 2019, the FDA approved siponimod (Mayzent) to treat relapsing forms of MS, including RRMS and active SPMS. The treatment is taken orally as a pill once a day. Studies show that it slows MS progression and lowers the number of relapses.

The drug could increase the risk of infections because it acts on immune system cells. Before you start taking it, a doctor or healthcare professional may want to check your blood cell count. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, siponimod is not a good use of your time.

The most common side effects of siponimod are There are headaches.. There are other possible risks with this medication.

  • There is inflammation in the eye.
  • Vision changes.
  • Slower heart rate.
  • Lung problems.
  • There is damage to the liver.
  • Fetal issues

Cladribine (Mavenclad)

Shortly after approving siponimod, the FDA also approved cladribine (Mavenclad) to treat relapsing forms of MS, including active SPMS.

This medication is also taken with a pill. It took two treatment cycles over a period of 2 years. The cycles last for up to 20 days.

In studies, cladribine slowed the progression of the disease.

A doctor may recommend this drug only if other MS medications haven’t worked for you, because of its risks. It has a black box warning — the strongest warning a medication can carry about possible side effects — because it may increase the risk of cancer and Fetal issues.

If you are at increased risk of cancer, talk to your doctor about this treatment.

If a person takes cladribine, they need to use contraceptives if they become pregnant. If you become pregnant, you should stop taking it.

There are other risks related to this medication.

  • There is an increased risk of colds, shingles, and other infections.
  • There are headaches.
  • White blood cell counts are low.
  • There is damage to the liver.

Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)

Mitoxantrone was originally used as a cancer medication. It’s now been FDA-approved for treating certain types of MS, including SPMS.

The medication stops the immune cells from attacking the myelin sheath. It may help reduce the amount of disability in people with the same name.

The drug is given once every 3 months.

There is an increased risk of heart failure. A doctor may check your heart health before you start taking it. It is not recommended for use during pregnancy.

Ofatumumab (Kesimpta)

Kesimpta is a DMT that has FDA approval for treating relapsing forms of MS in adults, including active SPMS.

A drug called a monoclonal antibody is what it is. It lowers the activity of immune B cells. People with Multiplesclerosis may have nerve damage.

Kesimpta comes in prefilled pens or syringes that you can inject at home. The first three doses will be weekly, and then there’ll be a break of 1 week. After that, you’ll use them monthly.

Other adverse effects may also occur.

  • There are swelling, itching, or pain around the injection site.
  • There are flu-like symptoms.
  • Some types of antibodies have low levels.
  • A higher risk of an upper respiratory tract infection is associated with A higher risk of an upper respiratory tract infection is associated with a higher risk of an upper respiratory tract infection..

It is not suitable for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Ponesimod (Ponvory)

Ponvory is a DMT that has FDA approval for treating relapsing forms of MS, including active SPMS.

“It is a drug that works by blocking the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 Scientists believe it helps the lymph nodes keep white blood cells. They can’t enter the brain and spine.”

People take it as a daily habit.

adverse effects include:

  • A higher risk of an upper respiratory tract infection is associated with A higher risk of an upper respiratory tract infection is associated with a higher risk of an upper respiratory tract infection..
  • There are problems with the bile duct.
  • high blood pressure.

It is not suitable for people with a history of heart problems.

If you’re living with active SPMS, the National MS Society recommends trying one of the many DMTs that are FDA-approved to treat relapsing forms of MS. The following are some of the medications that may reduce how often you experience relapses:

  • Alemtuzumab is a drug.
  • dimethyl fumarate is a drug.
  • Fingolimod is a drug.
  • Glatiramer acetate is a drug.
  • The interferon alpha-1a is called Rebif.
  • The interferon alpha-1b is a drug.
  • Tysabri is a natalizumab.
  • ocrelizumab is a drug.
  • Aubagio is a teriflunomide.
  • ozanimod is a drug.
  • diroximel fumarate is a type of intoxication.
  • ponesimod is a drug.

“Specific symptoms are the target of some treatments. These medications can help you feel better and improve your quality of life, but they won’t slow the progression of the disease.”

If you have methotrexate and corticosteroids, they may help with relapses. A doctor can prescribe treatments for specific symptoms.

  • modafinil, amantadine, andRitalin are used to relieve tiredness.
  • Prozac, sertraline, andCelexa are drugs that can be used to treat depression.
  • dalfampridine is used to improve walking ability.
  • duloxetine, gabapentin, and venlafaxine are used to ease pain.
  • Relieve muscle pain and spasms with muscle relaxants.
  • oxybutynin, tamsulosin, and tolterodine are used to treat bladder problems.

There are other ways to manage SPMS. Changes in lifestyle can be helpful.

Physical therapy and exercise can help with mobility and pain. Time management strategies can help you stay alert, while cooling devices can help with symptoms.

SPMS can be managed with drugs. Treatments may focus on changing the course of the disease or treating symptoms.

It is easier to slow the disease with newly approved medications. Changes in lifestyle may make a difference.

A doctor can give you more information about your treatment options. Discuss the risks and benefits of a treatment.